极热

Impacts of Extreme Heat

虽然全市气温都在上升，但高温风险因社区而异。由于系统性种族主义、缺乏绿地、使用空调的机会有限以及住房质量差，在低收入和黑人纽约人居住的社区中，因高温导致的死亡更为常见。而且，无论住在哪里，有些人都更容易受到高温的影响：

• 年长的居民面临的风险最大，因为他们更有可能患有潜在的健康问题，并且在社会上孤立或行动不便
• 患有精神疾病的纽约人更容易受到极端温度的影响
• 无家可归者收容所或城市监狱中的纽约人也更容易受到伤害，因为这些设施可能缺乏适当的空调
• Workers in certain sectors of the economy are particularly exposed to heat risks: construction, transportation, utilities, and manufacturing. Many of these New Yorkers work outdoors or in facilities without adequate air conditioning and are subject to sweltering conditions

除了对公共健康的直接威胁外，极端高温还会破坏我们的基础设施并影响我们在城市中的出行方式。极端高温使能源系统紧张。电力系统的运营成本更高，热浪期间局部停电的风险也更大。在我们的街道和公共场所，在极端高温事件中，道路材料会膨胀，沥青会弯曲。

与此同时，依赖地铁和其他公共交通系统的居民可能会在炎热的天气里受苦。在极端温度下步行和骑自行车可能不安全，尤其是在没有遮荫的街道和人行道上。尽管许多地铁车厢都进行了冷却，但地铁站台的温度可能会达到危险的高温。 MTA 要求火车在高温期间减速以保护铁路线。关键的通信基础设施也可能过热。如果由于极端高温导致停电，部分交通网络可能会停止运行。

Areas Vulnerable to Extreme Heat

Differences in heat vulnerability across neighborhoods are rooted in social and economic disparities. These disparities stem from structural racism, which includes neighborhood disinvestment, and historical policies such as redlining. Central Brooklyn, Upper Manhattan, and the South Bronx, and many other parts of the City have the highest heat vulnerability.

The NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH) Heat Vulnerability Index (HVI) shows neighborhoods whose residents are more at risk for dying during and immediately following extreme heat. It uses a statistical model to summarize the most important social and environmental factors that contribute to neighborhood heat risk. The factors included in the HVI are surface temperature, green space, access to home air conditioning, and the percentage of residents who are low-income or non-Latinx Black.